Currently, the molten salt electrolysis method is dominant in the industrial production of REMs and alloys (Charalampides et al., 2015, Sarfo et al., 2021). The molten salt electrolysis method includes rare earth fluoride (REF 3-LiF-RE 2 O 3) and rare earth chloride (RECl 3-MeCl x) two systems. Fig. 3 shows the electrolysis production process ...
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Currently, more than 90% of the world's rare earth metals (REMs) and alloys are produced by molten salt electrolysis, and a large amount of rare earth molten salt electrolytic slag is generated every year, which contains a high content of REEs and has a significant recovery value.
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The Hall-Héroult process, developed in 1885, utilizes a molten salt electrolyte to electrochemically produce aluminum metal (Al) and carbon dioxide (CO 2) from aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3) and carbon. 1–3 Similar molten salt techniques have been developed for a variety of other metals including the rare earth metal Neodymium (Nd). Neodymium is ...
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The molten salt electrolysis process is the most widely used method for producing light rare earth metals and alloys in China, with distinct advantages such as …
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Molten salt electrolysis involves passage of electric current into molten metal halides which act as the solvent and the electrolyte (hence termed as fused salt electrolysis) to enable efficient migration of the ions to the respective counter electrodes (Thonstad 1992).Majority of the molten salt systems comprise of alkali and alkaline …
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The primary preparation methods of rare earth metals mainly include metal or carbon thermal reduction and molten salt electrolysis. During the production …
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Molten salt electrodeposition is the process of producing impressively dense deposits of refractory metals using the electrolysis of molten salts. However, predicting which electrochemical parameters and setup will best control different kinds of deposition (density, homogeneity, etc.) is an ongoing challenge, due to our limited understanding of …
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REE refining is the focus of this study. Calciothermic, metallothermic, and molten salt electrolysis (MSE) are the three major reduction processes in the production of REEs in China [10].The first two processes are not commonly preferred due to the high temperature requirement, high energy intensity, and need to be performed via …
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The molten salt electrolysis method includes rare earth fluoride (REF 3-LiF-RE 2 O 3) and rare earth chloride (RECl 3-MeCl x) two systems. Fig. 3 shows the electrolysis production process of rare earth molten salt. Compared to the latter, the fluoride system has the advantages of higher current efficiency and metal yield, stable …
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Fused salt electrolysis is appropriate for the preparation of low melting rare earth metals. Electrolysis methods that are often limited to <1100°C are impractical for preparing terbium metal due ...
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The exceptional electronic structure of rare earth molybdates renders them highly suitable for applications in photocatalysis and photoluminescence.However, currently available methods for preparing rare earth molybdates suffer from drawbacks such as inefficient yields, prolonged synthesis duration and high sintering temperatures.Here we …
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1. Introduction. Rare earths (REs) are strategic resources and key raw materials for a range of industries [1].Owing to their unique physical and chemical properties, REs are widely applied in high-tech fields, such as permanent magnets, catalysts, and etc. [[2], [3], [4]].Currently, RE metals or alloys are mainly produced by …
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DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2020.106711 Corpus ID: 228891564; Selective extraction of rare earths and lithium from rare earth fluoride molten-salt electrolytic slag by sulfation @article{Wang2021SelectiveEO, title={Selective extraction of rare earths and lithium from rare earth fluoride molten-salt electrolytic slag by sulfation}, author={Jinliang Wang and …
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Considering economic and environmental issues, the current rare earth metal molten-salt electrolytic processes mostly use fluoride molten salts. However, in producing RE metals or alloys by molten-salt electrolysis, the REE recovery rate is usually <95%; most of the lost REEs enter the molten-salt electrolytic slag (Pang et al., 2011).
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2.2. Molten salt electrochemical electrolysis Molten salt plays an important role as an electrolyte medi-um in electrochemistry. At present, most metals are extrac-ted from the minerals of crustal deposits. Primary metals are mainly extracted using mining, flotation, hydrometallurgy, and pyrometallurgy.
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A conceptual diagram of the SEEE process is shown in Fig. 1.First, the Nd magnet scraps were immersed in a molten CaCl 2 –CaF 2 system containing MgCl 2 for …
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The purity of rare earth metals is one of the most important factors to research and develop high technique materials. However, high purity rare earth metals are not easily achieved. This review summarizes the preparation and purification methods of rare earth metals. First, the preparation principle and process of molten salt …
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Molten salt electrolysis, as an overlapping part of thermal and electrochemical methods, has been widely developed in the field of separation and extraction of REEs.
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The REEs have to be further separated from these rare-earth alloys. Currently, there are two approaches of recycling end-of-life REPM wastes by using molten salt electrolysis. One method is to use the reaction between REEs and fluxes to separate REEs from REPM wastes, and then REEs are extracted from molten salts by electrolysis.
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Owing to significant progress made in the field of rare earth metals and alloys prepared by molten salt electrolysis in China, this technology has been successfully applied for the production of ...
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[Show full abstract] of rare earth elements in the molten salt was more than 99 mass% from the controlled potential electrolysis process, not accounting for the molten salt component. Rare earth ...
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Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of the reaction process for synthesizing rare earth molybdate materials via molten salt method. Fig. 1 illustrates the reaction involving the direct addition of Ln 2 O 3 and incorporation of a ground mixture of Ln 2 O 3 −MoO 3 into the molten molybdate eutectic. After the reaction at 550 °C for 5 h, the …
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Compared with solid metals, liquid metals are considered more promising cathodes for molten slat/oxide electrolysis due to their fascinating advantages, which include strong depolarization effect, strong alloying effect, excellent selective separation, and low operating temperature. In this review, we briefly introduce the properties of the …
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Rare earth (RE) metals have many unique properties, such as photic, electric, magnetic, and hydrogen storage properties, due to the unique unpaired 4f and 5f electrons structure and their rich energy levels structrue, which have been extensively investigated for their potential applications in various fields [1,2,3].Electrodeposition is a …
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Molten salt is an excellent medium for chemical reaction, energy transfer, and storage. Molten salt innovative technologies should be developed to recover metals from secondary resources and reserve metals from primary natural sources. Among these technologies, molten salt electrolysis is an economic and environment-friendly …
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A new recycling process for the extraction of rare earths from neodymium–iron–boron (NdFeB) magnet scrap is being developed, based on the direct extraction of rare earths from end-of-life magnet material in a molten fluoride electrolysis bath. Rare earths are required in their metallic form for the production of new NdFeB …
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On the base of a discussion in all kinds of production methods of Al-Sc alloy, the molten salt electrolysis method was used to produce Al-Sc alloy directively. It is found that as the current density increasing, the concentration of Sc in alloy increases gradually. The maximal concentration of Sc can be 1 5%. But as the MR is increased, the concentration …
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Like chemical reduction, the electrolyte solution used for electrodeposition must have a wide electrochemical window because of the low reduction potential of RE metals, and molten salt or ionic liquid is ideal electrolytes for the electrodeposition method. There are two methods to produce RE alloys by molten salt electrodeposition: co ...
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Optimization of A side (rare earth) components in AB 5 alloys. (2) Optimization of B side elements in AB 5 alloys. The characteristics of some rare earth hydrides are summarized in a table. For example, when Metal hydride is LaNi 5 H 6.0, hydrogen content/% is 1.4, decomposition pressure/MPa is 0.4 (50 ℃), and heat of …
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Fused salt electrolysis as applied to the production of reactive refractory metals is a useful process for rare earth metals preparation also. The relatively low melting point of some of the rare earth metals and many of their alloys is an advantage here. With great ingenuity, electrolytic cells have been designed and methods developed for the ...
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