In order to study the application of the Cobb-Douglas production function on the optimization of safety inputs and further reduce accident losses, two safety input structures of a coal mine enterprise were constructed using literature, and the weight order of each safety input indicator was determined by the entropy weight method (EWM) and …
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Top-down or input–output analysis. ... Generally for coal mining processes following GHGs emissions measurement are required as follows: ... these emissions have a relatively low impact on the total GHG emissions as the mining process is energy intensive and relies on diesel powered machines or processes. It is also observed that the ...
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South African mineral resources are among the largest in the world. It has the largest reserves of gold, platinum, titanium, chromium, manganese and vanadium, the second largest reserves of zirconium, and significant reserves of phosphates, antimony, coal and nickel (see Table 1).South Africa currently produces about 21% of world gold …
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Accordingly, we categorize coal industry chain as coal mining, coal washing, coal recycling and coal processing and utilization, and then set the following 16 sectors shown in Table 2. For the final output, domestic consumption ( d ), export ( e1 ), residual ( r ) and emission ( e2 ) are reset basing on the China's scenario and research …
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For mineral processing at refineries and smelters, primarily the type and mass of input and output materials is of interest. If available, also head grade and …
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During coal processing and transformation, carbon emissions are generated through different production technologies. The coal chemical industry takes …
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Large amounts of water are consumed in the coal mining and CTL processing. The total amount of gaseous pollutants discharged to produce one ton of liquid hydrocarbon is 25.629 t, and 99.5% of this total consists of greenhouse gases. ... (Lin and Long 2016), and input–output modeling (IO) ... The factory processing process is the …
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In surface mining, the ground covering the coal seam (the overburden) is first removed to expose the coal seam for extraction. The elements of a surface mining operation are (1) topsoil removal and storage for later use, (2) drilling and blasting the strata overlying the coal seam, (3) loading and transporting this fragmented overburden material (called …
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Comparing these process-based and Input-Output-based methods, Figure 5 shows (see the purple square) that the water footprints calculated by the input-output method for coal [42] and wind [43] are ...
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Considering energy input and output, the traditional energy analysis models can be divided into three categories: the first is the traditional thermodynamic energy efficiency method; the second is the physics-thermodynamic method, where the energy input is calculated in units of heat, and the output is measured in physical units, such …
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The second step was identification of input and output elements for unit processes based on collected information from hard coal mines in Poland. There are 31 hard coal mines in Poland. Based on data from the national coal mines, input and output elements of each process were defined to perform LCA.
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Coal mining - Underground mining: In underground coal mining, the working environment is completely enclosed by the geologic medium, which consists of the coal seam and the overlying and underlying strata. Access to the coal seam is gained by suitable openings from the surface, and a network of roadways driven in the seam then …
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Innovation plays a critical role in the mining industry as a tool to improve the efficiency of its processes, to reduce costs, but also to meet the increasing social and environmental concerns among communities and authorities. Technological progress has also been crucial to allow the exploitation of new deposits in more complex scenarios: …
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Data procurement follows a systematic approach. Initially, the primary mining processes at the three coal mine sites were identified, and comprehensive records of …
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Mineral and coal processing encompasses unit processes required to size, separate, and process minerals for eventual use. Unit processes include comminution (crushing and …
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Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel on Earth. Its predominant use has always been for producing heat energy. It was the basic energy source that fueled the Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries, and the …
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es of using the input-output (IO) method at a local level. For that purpose several input-output tables were constructed from national input-output tables using the Generation of Regional Input-Output Tables (GRIT) technique. 2 The rest of the paper is structured as follows. Background information is outlined in the next sec-
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Coal mining - Underground, Surface, & Drilling: The various methods of mining a coal seam can be classified under two headings, surface mining and underground mining. Surface and underground coal mining are broad activities that incorporate numerous variations in equipment and methods, and the choice of which method to use in …
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We can examine the coal mining process to determine ways to add value (and lower costs) at each step — developing a competitive advantage throughout the coal mining lifecycle …
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technical aspect is described by seven criteria (imported systems, basic technical knowledge, input/output properties, real-time functions, offline processing, alarm …
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Following the calculation method above, the uncertainties of the input and output data of this study are listed in Table 1. 3. Results3.1. LCIA results. The environmental relevance of all inputs and outputs can be directly reflected in the LCIA. Coal mining can damage human health, ecosystems, and resources.
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Mining No. 4 of 2009 is the regulation in force governing mineral and coal mining activities in Indonesia. As per Article 103 of mining law, Production Operation Mining per-mit holders (IUP-OP) and Special Mining permit holders (IUPK-OP) are required to process, refine, or smelt their ore domestically (The Government of Indonesia 2009). In other
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Li and Ran (2018), from the perspective of safety input-output, took 19 coal listed enterprises in 2016 as the research sample, ... In the process of data processing, ... Effects of input of research and development fund on safety output of China's coal mining enterprises. Saf. Coal Mines, 49 (11) (2018), pp. 237-240.
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Input-process-output (I-P-O) is a structured methodology for capturing and visualising all of the inputs, outputs, and process steps that are required to transform inputs into outputs. It is often referred to, interchangeably, as an I-P-O model or an I-P-O diagram, both of which make reference to the intended visual nature of the method.
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Step 1: Mining. The first step in the process of generating electricity from coal is to mine it. Coal is typically found in underground mines or in open-pit mines. The coal is extracted using large machinery, such as draglines and shovels. Once the coal is mined, it is transported to a power plant via truck, train, or conveyor belt.
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Kecojevic (Bise, 2013) provided a detailed representation of various mining systems used in surface coal and surface overburden (Figs. 8.1 and 8.2).Download: Download full-size image Figure 8.1. Coal mining systems in surface (Bise, 2013).Download: Download full-size image Figure 8.2. Overburden mining systems …
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Coal-based synthetic natural gas process: Input-output method: Petrochemical industry: Muhammad (2019) ... The whole life cycle of coal was divided into five stages of coal mining, processing, ... During coal processing and transformation, carbon emissions are generated through different production technologies. ...
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What will the cost of a final product be? These questions can be answered by the method of computer simulation of coal mining process. 3. UNDEGROUND MINING AS A SYSTEM SIMULATED Coal working face is a technological system with layers of rock and coal (the source of a product) and machines for coal mining as technological objects.
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The electricity-focused input-output model is a popular approach for analysing the socio-economic and environmental impacts of electricity decarbonisation policies; however, it cannot be built ...
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The mining industry (MI) has played a role in proving a stable supply of minerals for industrial production and human survival. The South Korean government is implementing various policies to promote the MI and needs quantitative information on the economic role and effects of the MI. Thus, this article aims to derive the information …
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